These are hidden files that contain user-specific settings for the login shell session. In addition, the /home directory contains personal configuration files which are prefixed with a dot (.). On a graphical Linux system, the home directory, by default, contains folders such as Desktop, Documents, Downloads, Pictures, Videos, and Public.

The /home directory is a directory that contains a user’s personal folders and files. This directory is considered the nerve center of the Linux system. The /etc directory contains system configuration files for all the services, scripts, and third-party applications that are installed. Files such as ‘ vmlinuz‘ represent the compressed image of the Linux kernel. As the name infers, the boot directory contains Linux boot files such as the bootloader, the kernel, and its associated files. This is one of the most vital directories in a Linux system. NOTE: The root directory (/) should not be confused with the root home directory (/root). It’s from the root directory where the Linux directory hierarchy starts. It contains all directories, sub-directories, and files on your Linux system. The root directory, denoted by a single forward slash (/), is the uppermost directory in the Linux directory structure. Describing briefly the purpose of each directory, we are starting hierarchically. Linux Directory StructureĮach of the above directories (which is a file, in the first place) contains important information, required for booting to device drivers, configuration files, etc. These are found in the /dev directory.Ī standard Linux distribution follows the directory structure as provided below with Diagram and explanation. Device Files – These are special files that provide an interface to device drivers which enable the usability of hardware devices on the system such as mice, keyboards, USB devices, hard drives, etc.Directory Files – In Linux, directories are also categorized as files since they also serve as storage space for other files and folders.These are regular files such as documents, images, audio and video files, etc. General Files – These are ordinary files made up of binary or ASCII data.There are three broad categories of files in Linux.

If not a file, then it must be a running process.

You must have probably heard that everything is considered a file in UNIX and UNIX derivatives such as Linux. Brief: This article gives a breakdown of the Linux File System/directory structure, some of the critical files, their usability, and their location.

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